Attitude and Heading Reference Systems
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Attitude and Heading Reference Systems or better known as Attitude Heading Reference System (AHRS) are 3-axis sensors that provide heading, attitude and yaw information for aircraft. are designed to replace traditional mechanical gyroscopic flight instruments and provide superior reliability and accuracy.
AHRS consist of either solid-state or MEMS gyroscopes, accelerometers and magnetometers on all three axes. Some AHRS use GPS receivers to improve long-term stability of the gyroscopes. A Kalman filter is typically used to compute the solution from these multiple sources. AHRS differ from traditional inertial navigation systems by attempting to estimate only attitude (e.g. pitch, roll) states, rather than attitude, position and velocity as is the case with an INS.
AHRS have proven themselves to be highly reliable and are in common use in commercial and business aircraft. Recent advances in MEMS manufacturing have brought the price of FAA certified AHRS down to below $15,000. AHRS are typically integrated with Electronic Flight Information Systems (EFIS) (which are the central part of so-called glass cockpits) to form the Primary Flight Display (PFD.) AHRS can be combined with air data computers to form an "air data, attitude and heading reference systems" (ADAHRS), which provide additional information such as airspeed, altitude and outside air temperature.
[edit] AHRS manufacturers
- Crossbow Technology Inertial Systems (Inertial +GPS), Attitude Heading Reference Systems (AHRS), Inertial Measurement Units (IMU), Vertical Gyros (VG), Accelerometers, Tilt Sensors, Magnetometers.
- Kearfott Guidance & Navigation Corporation, USA
- IXSEA
- Systron Donner Inertial
- Biosyn Systems Inc. Canada
- Noraxon
- MicroStrain Inertial Sensors, Inclinometers and Orientation Sensors
- Archangel Systems Inc. USA
- Navionex Inc. Canada
- Litef GmbH
- SAGEM Sagem Avionics, Inc.
- Watson Industries
- Xsens Technologies
- Sonardyne Marine Inertial Products
- Northrop Grumman Italia S.p.A. (formerly Lital S.p.A.), ITA
- Innalabs Holding, Inc
- MGL Avionics
- iMAR GmbH
- SBG Systems MEMS based Inertial Systems, Attitude and Heading Reference Systems (AHRS), GPS Aided AHRS, 2 axis Inclinometers, Static Orientation Sensors (3D Compass).
- VectorNav Technologies Embedded MEMS based AHRS.
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Link : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attitude_and_Heading_Reference_Systems
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